New York City: The obvious centerpiece of ethnic-based machines is New York City’s Tammany Hall—and the obvious example of typical ethnic machine behavior is
Category: the North
Machines and Bosses in Progressive Era: Cincinnati Cox, New York City Tammany and Buffalo
Machines and Bosses Our history distinguishes machines from (1) bosses, (2) city-wide and centralized versus ward and decentralized organization, and (3) their voting constituency, always
Philadelphia Pennsylvania
Philadelphia ======== policy system cut Philadelphia Boston would up pursuing neighborhood slum clearance for public housing during the 1950’s, as did Baltimore, Detroit, St.
Boston Massachusetts
Boston Boston: Hugh O’Brien, Boston’s first Irish mayor, appeared on the scene in 1885. O’Brien, businessman and politician, and editor of Shipping and Commercial
Newark New Jersey
Newark Newark, New Jersey Newark in 1910 was the nation’s 14th largest city—just above New Orleans and just below Cincinnati—holding a very diverse ethnic and
Ron W. Coan 