In the Progressive Era one can see bosses and mayors becoming one and the same. More often than not the mayor’s office wins out—in the
Category: Progressive Era
Machines and Bosses in Progressive Era: Cincinnati Cox, New York City Tammany and Buffalo
Machines and Bosses Our history distinguishes machines from (1) bosses, (2) city-wide and centralized versus ward and decentralized organization, and (3) their voting constituency, always
Progressive Era Milwaukee Socialist Mayors
Preconditions For Milwaukee Socialism Milwaukee is the city most associated with a municipal socialist policy system[1]. Milwaukee’s 1910 socialist surge was not a sudden fluke
Socialist Mayors in Progressive Era: Intro and Flint
Socialist Mayors After 1910, a brand new phenomenon hit a few American cities—socialists were elected in numbers to the mayor and city councils. Milwaukee, in
Social Reform Mayors: Overview
The Rise of Social Reform Mayors Over several decades Progressivism evolved from, and into, a multiplicity of “isms” and movements. Their common element was
Big City Progressive Era Policy Systems: Intro to Social Reformers, Socialist Mayors, Machine Bosses City Managers and Structural Reform Mayors
Big City Progressive Era Policy Systems The ultimate purpose of this chapter is to describe municipal policy systems that typified the Progressive Era. Despite the
Ron W. Coan 