Origins of the City Beautiful The “City Beautiful” is sometimes referred to in textbooks or planning histories. As a movement it was prominent for a
Category: Political Machines: Monkey Wrench or People-Based Economic Development
Kansas City: City Beautiful as a “Stroll in the Park” Transforms into the City Efficient: a Midwest Progressive Era Evolution of Policy Systems
Kansas City Kansas City: City Beautiful as a “Stroll in the Park” Kansas City started down its city beautiful path in the early 1870’s.
Boston in the Progressive Age: the Noble Experiment, the Boston Plan, Honey Fitz–and the Machine
Boston: Blending City Beautiful, Structural Reform and Policy Swirls—and the Machine On March 30, 1909, at the prestigious Boston City Club, the opening speaker,
Irish Machine Bosses: New York City, Buffalo, Boston
New York City, Buffalo and Boston Irish-Dominated Machines First and second generation immigrant voters can differ in their occupations, orientation to politics, their residential location
Civic Reform Clubs: NYC and Tweed
Civic Reform Clubs The alter-ego of chambers in the early Gilded Age, the “dark side of their force” was undoubtably the civic reform or good
Political Machines Coexist with Businessman Mayors
Gilded Age Political Machines Machines, as defined in this history, probably existed somewhere and in some form since 1789. At least two critical drivers shaped
Ron W. Coan 