Chambers of Commerce Chambers of Commerce had been around, in Europe as early as the 16th century[1]. They spread to America early in the colonial
Category: Gilded Age Big Cities
Political Machines Coexist with Businessman Mayors
Gilded Age Political Machines Machines, as defined in this history, probably existed somewhere and in some form since 1789. At least two critical drivers shaped
Hugh O’Brien: Boston’s Irish Businessman Mayor
Boston: Hugh O’Brien, Boston’s first Irish mayor, appeared on the scene in 1885. O’Brien, businessman and politician, and editor of Shipping and Commercial List, served
Alexander Sheppard’s Political Machine Washington D.C.
Washington DC: Washington D.C. as a policy system seems neither fish nor fowl—through frequently is rather foul. The city does not possess an economic base
the First Political Machines: Philadelphia Gas House Gang 1841 and the Pennsylvania State House Gang–An Early Version
Political Machines: Monkey Wrench or People-Based Economic Development Mention the words “political machine” and visions dance in one’s head of Tammany Hall, the Tweed
the Gilded Age Jurisdictional Policy System: An Opening Intro from Early Version
the Gilded Age Jurisdictional Policy System: Jon C. Teaford observed thatthe Gilded Age city did better than contemporary history admits. The “perfect storm” of
Ron W. Coan 