Chambers of Commerce Chambers of Commerce had been around, in Europe as early as the 16th century[1]. They spread to America early in the colonial
Category: Gilded Age Businessmen Mayors
Political Machines Coexist with Businessman Mayors
Gilded Age Political Machines Machines, as defined in this history, probably existed somewhere and in some form since 1789. At least two critical drivers shaped
Hugh O’Brien: Boston’s Irish Businessman Mayor
Boston: Hugh O’Brien, Boston’s first Irish mayor, appeared on the scene in 1885. O’Brien, businessman and politician, and editor of Shipping and Commercial List, served
Gilded Age Municipal Bureaucracies
The Rise of Gilded Age Municipal Bureaucracies Although, I discuss city bureaucrats last in a series of Gilded Age policy actors, it is very unclear
Gilded Age Civic Reform Clubs
Gilded Age Civic Reform Clubs The alter-ego of chambers in the early Gilded Age, the “dark side of their force” was undoubtably the civic reform
Gilded Age Businessmen Mayors
Businessman Mayors in the Gilded Age Through their control over voting in immigrant neighborhoods, machines won dominance in city legislatures. That legislative power, significant through
Ron W. Coan 